1. Indaba yamaketanga ezixhumanisi eziyindilinga okumbiwa phansi
Njengoba isidingo samandla amalahle sikhula emnothweni womhlaba, imishini yokumba amalahle ithuthuke ngokushesha. Njengemishini eyinhloko yokumba amalahle okunemishini ebanzi emayini yamalahle, ingxenye yokudlulisela ku-scraper conveyor nayo ithuthuke ngokushesha. Ngomqondo othile, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-scraper conveyor kuncike ekuthuthukisweni kweukumba uchungechunge lwezixhumanisi oluyindilinga olunamandla aphezuluUkumba uchungechunge lwezixhumanisi oluyindilinga olunamandla aphezulu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthutha uchungechunge lwezinhlayiya emayini yamalahle. Ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwayo kuzosebenzakuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye nokukhishwa kwamalahle emayini yamalahle.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokumba uchungechunge lwezixhumanisi oluyindilinga olunamandla aphezulu kuhlanganisa kakhulu izici ezilandelayo: ukuthuthukiswa kwensimbi yokumba uchungechunge lwezixhumanisi oluyindilinga, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kokushisa kochungechunge, ukwenziwa ngcono kosayizi nesimo sochungechunge lwezixhumanisi zensimbi oluyindilinga, ukwakheka kochungechunge oluhlukile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwenza uchungechunge. Ngenxa yalezi ntuthuko, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuthembeka kweuchungechunge lwezixhumanisi oluyindilinga lwezimayinikuthuthukiswe kakhulu. Imininingwane kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zeketanga elikhiqizwa amanye amabhizinisi okukhiqiza iketanga athuthukile emhlabeni ziye zadlula kakhulu indinganiso yaseJalimane i-DIN 22252 esetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni.
Insimbi yokuqala yezinga eliphansi yokumba uchungechunge lwezixhumanisi oluyindilinga phesheya kwakuyinsimbi ye-carbon manganese, enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni, okuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-alloy element, ukuqina okuphansi, kanye nobubanzi beketanga < ø 19mm. Ngawo-1970, kwathuthukiswa izinsimbi zeketanga ze-manganese nickel chromium molybdenum series high-grade. Izinsimbi ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi i-23MnNiMoCr52, i-23MnNiMoCr64, njll. lezi zinsimbi zinokuqina okuhle, ukushibilika kanye namandla nokuqina, futhi zifanele ukukhiqizwa kochungechunge olukhulu lwe-C. Insimbi ye-23MnNiMoCr54 yathuthukiswa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980. Ngokusekelwe ensimbini ye-23MnNiMoCr64, okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ne-manganese kwancishiswa futhi okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ne-molybdenum kwanda. Ukuqina kwayo kwakungcono kunokwensimbi ye-23MnNiMoCr64. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezidingo zokusebenza kweketanga lensimbi eliyindilinga kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemininingwane yeketanga ngenxa yokumbiwa kwamalahle okwenziwa ngomshini ezimayini zamalahle, ezinye izinkampani zeketanga ziye zathuthukisa amanye amazinga ensimbi amasha akhethekile, kanti ezinye izakhiwo zala mazinga ensimbi amasha ziphakeme kunensimbi engu-23MnNiMoCr54. Isibonelo, insimbi ethi "HO" ethuthukiswe yinkampani yaseJalimane i-JDT ingandisa amandla eketanga ngo-15% uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engu-23MnNiMoCr54.
2. Izimo zesevisi yeketanga lokumba kanye nokuhlaziywa kokwehluleka
2.1 Izimo zesevisi yochungechunge lwezimayini
Izimo zesevisi yeketanga eliyindilinga yilezi: (1) amandla okucindezela; (2) Ukukhathala okubangelwa umthwalo oshayayo; (3) Ukungqubuzana nokuguguleka kwenzeka phakathi kwezixhumanisi zeketanga, izixhumanisi zeketanga kanye nama-sprocket eketanga, kanye nezixhumanisi zeketanga kanye namapuleti aphakathi kanye nezinhlangothi zomsele; (4) Ukugqwala kubangelwa isenzo samalahle acoliwe, impuphu yamadwala kanye nomoya omanzi.
2.2 Ukuhlaziywa kokuhluleka kwezixhumanisi zeketanga lezimayini
Izindlela zokuphuka kwezixhumanisi zeketanga lokumba zingahlukaniswa cishe zibe: (1) umthwalo weketanga udlula umthwalo wawo wokuphuka ongaguquki, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuphuka kwenzeka kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezinephutha zehlombe leketanga lokumba noma indawo eqondile, njengokuqhekeka okuvela endaweni ethintekile yokushisa kwe-flash butt kanye nokuqhekeka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zebha ngayinye; (2) Ngemva kokusebenza isikhathi esithile, isixhumanisi seketanga lokumba asikafiki emthwalweni wokuphuka, okuholela ekuqhekekeni okubangelwa ukukhathala. Lokhu kuphuka kwenzeka kakhulu ekuxhumekeni phakathi kwengalo eqondile kanye nomqhele weketanga lokumba.
Izidingo zokumba uchungechunge lwezixhumanisi oluyindilinga: (1) ukuba nomthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo ngaphansi kwezinto ezifanayo kanye nesigaba; (2) ukuba nomthwalo wokuphuka ophezulu kanye nokwelulwa okungcono; (3) ukuba nokuguquguquka okuncane ngaphansi kwesenzo somthamo omkhulu wokulayisha ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuhle; (4) ukuba namandla aphezulu okukhathala; (5) ukuba nokumelana okuphezulu kokuguguleka; (6) ukuba nokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokumuncwa okungcono komthwalo womthelela; (7) ubukhulu bejometri ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomdwebo.
3. Inqubo yokukhiqiza uchungechunge lwezimayini
Inqubo yokukhiqiza uchungechunge lwezimayini: ukusika ibha → ukugoba nokuluka → ijoyinti → ukushisela → ukuhlolwa kobufakazi obuyinhloko → ukwelashwa kokushisa → ukuhlolwa kobufakazi besibili → ukuhlolwa. Ukushisela nokwelashwa kokushisa kuyizinqubo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kokumba uchungechunge lwezixhumanisi oluyindilinga, oluthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Amapharamitha okushisela esayensi angathuthukisa isivuno futhi anciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza; inqubo efanele yokwelashwa kokushisa inganikeza ukudlala okugcwele ezimpahleni zezinto futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokushisela yeketanga lokumba, ukushisela i-arc ngesandla kanye nokushisela i-resistance butt kuye kwasuswa. Ukushisela i-Flash butt kusetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ezinhle njengezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela, amandla aphansi abasebenzi kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile.
Njengamanje, ukwelashwa ngokushisa kwe-mining round link chain ngokuvamile kusebenzisa ukushisa kwe-medium frequency induction, ukucima okuqhubekayo kanye nokushisa. Ingqikithi yokushisa kwe-medium frequency induction ukuthi isakhiwo sama-molecule sento siyashukunyiswa ngaphansi kwensimu ye-electromagnetic, ama-molecule athola amandla futhi ashayisane ukuze akhiqize ukushisa. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-medium frequency induction, i-inductor ixhunywe ne-AC yemvamisa ephakathi yemvamisa ethile, futhi izixhumanisi zeketanga zihamba ngesivinini esifanayo ku-inductor. Ngale ndlela, kuzokhiqizwa ugesi obangelwayo onemvamisa efanayo kanye nohlangothi oluphambene ne-inductor ezixhumanisweni zeketanga, ukuze amandla kagesi aguqulwe abe amandla okushisa, futhi izixhumanisi zeketanga zingashiswa ziye ekushiseni okudingekayo ukuze kucinywe futhi kushiswe ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ukushisa kokungeniswa kwemvamisa ephakathi kunesivinini esisheshayo kanye ne-oxidation encane. Ngemva kokucima, isakhiwo sokucima esihle kakhulu kanye nosayizi wezinhlamvu ze-austenite kungatholakala, okuthuthukisa amandla nokuqina kwesixhumanisi seketanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi kunezinzuzo zokuhlanzeka, ukuhlanzeka, ukulungiswa okulula kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Esigabeni sokushisa, indawo yokushisela yeketanga idlula ekushiseni okuphezulu kokushisa futhi iqeda inani elikhulu lokucindezela kwangaphakathi kokucima ngesikhathi esifushane, okunomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina nokuqina kwendawo yokushisela kanye nokubambezela ukuqala nokuthuthukiswa kwemifantu. Izinga lokushisa lokushisa phezulu kwehlombe leketanga liphansi, futhi linobunzima obuphezulu ngemva kokushisa, okuhambisana nokuguguleka kwesixhumanisi seketanga ngesikhathi senqubo yokusebenza, okungukuthi, ukuguguleka phakathi kwezixhumanisi zeketanga kanye nokuxhumanisa phakathi kwezixhumanisi zeketanga kanye ne-sprocket yeketanga.
4. Isiphetho
(1) Insimbi yokumba uchungechunge lwezixhumanisi oluyindilinga olunamandla aphezulu ithuthuka ibheke ekuqineni okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kwepulasitiki kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kunensimbi engu-23MnNiMoCr54 evame ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni. Njengamanje, kuye kwasetshenziswa amazinga ensimbi amasha nanelungelo lobunikazi.
(2) Ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zemishini ze-chain round link chain enamandla amakhulu kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuphelela kwendlela yokwelapha ukushisa. Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kanye nokulawulwa okunembile kobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zemishini ze-chain. Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa kwe-chain buye baba ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko babenzi be-chain.
(3) Usayizi, ukuma kanye nesakhiwo seketanga leketanga le-round link chain elinamandla amakhulu lokumba kuthuthukisiwe futhi kwathuthukiswa. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kanye nokulungiswa kwenziwa ngokwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kokucindezeleka kweketanga futhi ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi amandla emishini yokumba amalahle kudingeka akhuliswe futhi isikhala esingaphansi komhlaba semayini yamalahle sinqunyelwe.
(4) Ukwanda kwencazelo ye-chain round link enamandla amakhulu okumba, ushintsho lwesakhiwo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zemishini kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo okufanayo kwemishini kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza i-round steel link chain.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-22-2021
