Izindaba - Isingeniso Se-Lifting Chain of Grades: G80, G100 & G120

Ukuphakamisa amaketanga nezihlilingiziyizingxenye ezibalulekile kuzo zonke izimboni zokwakha, ezokukhiqiza, zezimayini, nezingaphesheya kwezilwandle. Ukusebenza kwabo kuncike kwisayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobunjiniyela obunembayo. Amabanga ochungechunge lwe-G80, G100, kanye ne-G120 amelela izigaba zamandla eziphakeme ngokuqhubekayo, ezichazwa ngamandla azo amancane okudonsa (ku-MPa) aphindaphindwa ngo-10:

- G80: 800 MPa ubuncane be-tensile amandla

- G100: 1,000 MPa ubuncane be-tensile amandla

- I-G120: 1,200 MPa ubuncane bamandla okuqina

Lawa mabanga athobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe (isb., ASME B30.9, ISO 1834, DIN EN818-2) futhi ahlolwa ngokuqinile futhi ahlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka ngaphansi kwemithwalo eguquguqukayo, izinga lokushisa elidlulele, kanye nezindawo ezigqwalile.

1. Izinto zokwakha kanye nokusansimbi: Isayensi Engemuva Kwamaketanga Aphakamisa Amabanga

Izakhiwo zemishini zala maketanga okuphakamisa zivela ekukhethweni okunembile kwe-alloy kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa.

Ibanga	Izinto eziyisisekelo	Ukwelapha ukushisa	Izinto Eziyisihluthulelo Zokuhlanganisa	Izici ze-Microstructural
G80	Medium-carbon steel	Ukunciphisa & Ukushisa	C (0.25-0.35%), Mn	I-martensite efudumele
G100	Insimbi ye-high-strength low-alloy (HSLA).	Ukucisha okulawulwayo	Cr, Mo, V	I-bainite/martensite enezinhlamvu ezinhle
G120	Advanced HSLA steel	Ukunemba kokunemba	Cr, Ni, Mo, micro-alloyed Nb/V	Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-carbide okuhle kakhulu

Kungani futhi kanjani lezi zinto ezibalulekile:

- Ukuthuthukisa Amandla: Izakhi ze-alloying (Cr, Mo, V) zakha ama-carbides avimbela ukunyakaza kokugudluzwa, ukwandisa amandla esivuno ngaphandle kokudela i-ductility.

-Ukumelana Nokukhathala: Ama-microstructures ahlaziywe kahle ku-G100/G120 avimbela ukuqaliswa kokuqhekeka. I-G120's tempered martensite inikeza impilo yokukhathala ephakeme (>100,000 imijikelezo ku-30% WLL).

- Gqoka Ukumelana: Ukuqina kobuso (isb., ukuqina kokungeniswa) ku-G120 kunciphisa ukuhuzuka ezinhlelweni zokungqubuzana okuphezulu njengemigqa yokudonsa yezimayini.

Amaphrothokholi Welding for Chain Integrity

•Pre-Weld Prep:

o Hlanza izindawo ezihlangene ukuze ususe ama-oxides/ukungcola.

o Shisisa kusengaphambili ku-200°C (G100/G120) ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen.

•Izindlela zokushisela:

o I-Laser Welding: Kumaketanga e-G120 (isb, ama-alloys e-Al-Mg-Si), ukushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili kudala izindawo zokuhlanganisa ezine-HAZ emise okwe-H yokusabalalisa ingcindezi efanayo.

o I-Hot Wire TIG: Kumaketanga ensimbi okubhayela (isb, 10Cr9Mo1VNb), ukushisela okunamaphasi amaningi kunciphisa ukuhlanekezela.

•Ithiphu Elibalulekile:Gwema ukukhubazeka kwejometri ku-HAZ - izindawo ezinkulu zokuqalisa ukuqhekeka ezingaphansi kuka-150°C.

Amapharamitha we-Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT).

Ibanga	Izinga lokushisa le-PWHT	Bamba Isikhathi	Ukushintsha kweMicrostructural	Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezakhiwo
G80	550-600°C	2-3 amahora	I-martensite efudumele	Ukukhululeka kwengcindezi, +10% umthelela wokuqina
G100	740-760°C	2-4 amahora	Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-carbide okuhle	15%↑ amandla okukhathala, i-HAZ efanayo
G120	760-780°C	1-2 amahora	Ivimbela i-M₂₃C₆ ukuhwalala	Igwema ukuncipha kwamandla emazingeni okushisa aphezulu

Isexwayiso:Ukweqa ku-790°C kubangela ukuhwaya kwe-carbide → amandla/ukulahlekelwa kwe-ductility.

2. Ukuphakamisa Ukusebenza Kwamaketango Ezimeni Ezidlulele

Izimo ezihlukene zidinga izixazululo zempahla efanelana nawe.

Ukubekezelela Izinga lokushisa:

- G80:Ukusebenza okuzinzile kufika ku-200°C; ngokuncipha kwamandla okusheshayo ngaphezu kuka-400°C ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.

- G100/G120:Amaketanga Agcina amandla angama-80% ku-300 ° C; amamaki akhethekile (isb., nge-Si/Mo eyengeziwe) amelana ne-embrittlement efika ku--40°C ukuze isetshenziswe e-arctic.

Ukumelana Nokugqwala:

- G80:Ijwayele ukugqwala; kudinga ukugcoba njalo ezindaweni ezinomswakama.

- G100/G120:Izinketho zifaka i-galvanization (i-zinc plated) noma okuhlukile kwensimbi engagqwali (isb, 316L wezitshalo zasolwandle/amakhemikhali). I-G100 ekhandiwe imelana namahora angu-500+ ekuhlolweni kwesifutho sikasawoti.

Ukukhathala kanye Nokuqina Okunomthelela:

- G80:Yanele imithwalo emile; ukuqina komthelela ≈25 J ku -20°C.

- G120:Ukuqina okungavamile (>40 J) ngenxa yezengezo ze-Ni/Cr; ilungele ukuphakamisa amandla (isb., okhreyini basegcekeni lemikhumbi).

3. Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Okhethekile

Ukukhetha ibanga elifanele kuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza	Ibanga Elinconyiwe	Isizathu
Ukwakhiwa Okujwayelekile	G80	Ingabizi ngemithwalo emaphakathi/izindawo ezomile; isib, isikafula.
Offshore/Marine Lifting	I-G100 (Amagalati)	Amandla aphezulu + ukumelana nokugqwala; imelana nokugoba amanzi olwandle.
Ukumba izimayini/Izinkwali	G120	Khulisa ukumelana nokugqoka ekuphatheni amatshe abrasive; iyasinda emithwalweni.
I-High-Temperature (isb., Izigayo Zensimbi)	I-G100 (Okuhlukile okwelashwa ngokushisa)	Igcina amandla eduze kwezithando (kufika ku-300°C).
I-Critical Dynamic Lifts	G120	Ingakhathaleki ekuphakameni kwendiza enophephela emhlane noma ukufakwa kwemishini ezungezayo.

4. Ukwehluleka Ukuvinjelwa kanye Nemininingwane Yesondlo

- Ukwehluleka Ukukhathala:Okuvame kakhulu ekulayisheni kwe-cyclic. Ukumelana nokusakazwa kokuqhekeka okuphezulu kwe-G120 kunciphisa le ngozi.

- I-Corrosion Pitting:Inciphisa amandla; ama-G100 ama-slings ahlala isikhathi eside ngo-3× ezindaweni ezisogwini uma kuqhathaniswa ne-G80 engagcotshiwe.

- Ukuhlola:I-ASME igunyaza amasheke anyanga zonke ukuze abone ukuqhekeka, ukugqokwa okungu->10% kobubanzi, noma ukunwetshwa. Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kazibuthe ukuze uthole izixhumanisi ze-G100/G120.

5. Ukukhuthaza Izindlela Ezintsha Nekusasa

- I-Smart Chains:Amaketanga e-G120 anezinzwa ezishumekiwe zokucindezela kokuqapha komthwalo wesikhathi sangempela.

- Izingubo:I-Nano-ceramic coatings ku-G120 yokwelula impilo yesevisi ezindaweni ezine-acidic.

- Isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo:Ucwaningo ngokuhlukahluka kwensimbi ye-austenitic yokuphakamisa i-cryogenic (-196°C LNG izinhlelo zokusebenza) .

Isiphetho: Ukufanisa Amaketanga Ibanga Nezidingo Zakho

- Khetha i-G80ngamakheshi amile azwela izindleko, angagqwali.

- Cacisa i-G100endaweni ebolayo/eguqukayo edinga amandla alinganayo nokuqina.

- Khetha i-G120ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu: ukukhathala okuphezulu, ukuhuzuka, noma amakheshi abalulekile.

Inothi Lokugcina: Njalo beka phambili amaketanga aqinisekisiwe ngokwelashwa kokushisa okulandelekayo. Ukukhetha okufanele kuvimbela ukwehluleka okuyinhlekelele—isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo iwumgogodla wokuphakamisa ukuphepha.

Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-17-2025

Isingeniso ku-Lifting Chain of Grades: G80, G100 & G120