Isu Lokuphatha I-AFC Chain Landisa Impilo futhi Livimbele Isikhathi Sokuphumula Esingahleliwe
Iketango lezimayiniangenza noma aphule ukuhlinzwa. Nakuba izimayini eziningi ze-longwall zisebenzisa iketango elingu-42 mm noma ngaphezulu kuma-armored face conveyors (AFCs), izimayini eziningi zisebenzisa u-48-mm kanti ezinye zineketanga elikhulu elingango-65 mm. Amadayamitha amakhulu anganweba impilo yeketango. Abasebenzisi beLongwall bavame ukulindela ukweqa amathani ayizigidi eziyi-11 ngosayizi abangama-48-mm kanye namathani afinyelela ezigidini ezingama-20 anosayizi abangama-65-mm ngaphambi kokuthi iketango likhishwe emsebenzini. Iketanga kulab’ osayizi abakhulu liyabiza kodwa kuyafaneleka uma iphaneli yonke noma amabili engenziwa imayini ngaphandle kokuvalwa ngenxa yokwehluleka kweketango. Kodwa, uma ukunqamuka kweketango kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi, ukungaphathwa kahle, ukugadwa okungafanele, noma ngenxa yezimo zemvelo ezingabangela ukuqhekeka kwe-stress corrosion cracking (SCC), imayini ibhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu. Kulesi simo, intengo ekhokhelwe lelo ketango iyancipha.
Uma u-opharetha we-longwall engasebenzisi iketango elingcono kakhulu elingenzeka ngezimo zemayini, ukuvala shaqa okungahleliwe kungasula kalula noma yikuphi ukonga kwezindleko okutholwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthenga. Ngakho-ke yini okufanele u-opharetha we-longwall enze? Kufanele banake kakhulu izimo eziqondene nendawo futhi bakhethe iketango ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kokuthengwa kweketango, badinga ukuchitha isikhathi esengeziwe nemali edingekayo ukuze baphathe kahle ukutshalwa kwezimali. Lokhu kungakhokha izinzuzo ezinkulu.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kungakhuphula amandla eketango, kunciphise ukuqina kwawo, kukhulule ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, kukhuphule ukumelana nokuguga, noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kweketango. Ukwelapha ukushisa sekuyindlela yobuciko obuhle futhi kuyahlukahluka kumkhiqizi kuye kumkhiqizi. Inhloso ukuthola ibhalansi yezakhiwo zensimbi ukuze ihambisane kangcono nomsebenzi wemikhiqizo. Iketanga eliqinile elihlukile lingenye yezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezisetshenziswa yi-Parsons Chain lapho umqhele we-chain link uhlala unzima ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nemilenze uma izixhumanisi zithambile ekwandiseni ukuqina kanye ne-ductility enkonzweni.
Ukuqina yikhono lokumelana nokuguga futhi kuboniswa inombolo yobulukhuni be-Brinell ngophawu HB noma inombolo yobulukhuni be-Vickers (HB). Isilinganiso sokuqina kwe-Vickers silingana ngempela, ngakho-ke into engu-800 HV ilukhuni ngokuphindwe kasishiyagalombili kuneyonobulukhuni be-100 HV. Ngakho-ke inikeza isikali esinengqondo sobulukhuni kusukela kokuthambile kuya kwento enzima kakhulu. Ngamanani aphansi okuqina, kufika cishe ku-300, imiphumela yobulukhuni be-Vickers ne-Brinell icishe ifane, kodwa ngamavelu aphezulu imiphumela ye-Brinell iphansi ngenxa yokuhlanekezelwa kwe-indenter yebhola.
I-Charpy Impact Test iyisilinganiso sokuqina kwento engatholakala ekuhlolweni komthelela. I-chain link ibhalwe endaweni yokushisela kusixhumanisi futhi ibekwe endleleni ye-pendulum enyakazayo, amandla adingekayo ukuze kuphuke isifanekiso sikalwa ngokuncishiswa kokushwibeka kwe-pendulum.
Abakhiqizi abaningi beketango bonga amamitha ambalwa e-oda leqeqebana ngalinye ukuze bavumele ukuhlolwa okuphelele okulimazayo ukuthi kwenzeke. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuphelele nezitifiketi kuvame ukunikezwa nochungechunge oluvame ukuthunyelwa ngamapheya angama-50-m afanisiwe. Ukwelulwa kwamandla okuhlola kanye nobude obuphelele ekuqhekekeni nakho kufakwe igrafu phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa okulimazayo.
I-Optimum Chain
Inhloso ukuhlanganisa zonke lezi zici ukudala iketango elihle, elihlanganisa ukusebenza okulandelayo:
• Amandla okuqina aphezulu;
• Ukumelana okuphezulu nokugqoka kwesixhumanisi sangaphakathi;
• Ukumelana okuphezulu nokulimala kwe-sprocket;
• Ukumelana okukhulu nokuqhekeka kwe-martensitic;
• Ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe;
• Ukwandisa impilo yokukhathala; futhi
• Ukumelana ne-SCC.
Nokho, asikho isixazululo esiphelele, kuphela ukuyekethisa okuhlukahlukene. Iphuzu lokukhiqiza eliphakeme lizovame ukuholela ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu kwensalela, uma kuhlotshaniswa nobunzima obuphezulu ukukhulisa ukumelana nokugqokwa, kuzophinde kuthambekele ekunciphiseni ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwengcindezi.
Abakhiqizi balokhu belwela ukuthuthukisa iketango elizosebenza isikhathi eside futhi lisinde ezimeni ezinzima. Abanye abakhiqizi bafaka iketanga ukuze babhekane nezindawo ezonakalisayo. Enye inketho iketango le-COR-X, elenziwe nge-vanadium enelungelo lobunikazi, i-nickel, i-chromium, ne-molybdenum alloy fights SCC. Okwenza lesi sixazululo sihluke ukuthi izakhiwo zokunqanda ukugqwala kwengcindezi ziyafana kulo lonke uhlaka lwensimbi lweketango futhi ukusebenza kwalo akushintshi njengoba iketango liguga. I-COR-X ifakazele ukuthi yenyusa impilo yamaketango kakhulu ezindaweni ezigqwalile futhi icishe iqede ukwehluleka ngenxa yokugqwala kwengcindezi. Izivivinyo zithole ukuthi amandla okusebenza akhuphuka ngo-10%. Umthelela we-notch ukhuphuke ngo-40% futhi ukumelana ne-SCC kukhuphuke ngo-350% uma kuqhathaniswa neketango elivamile (DIN 22252).
Kunezimo lapho iketango le-COR-X 48 mm lisebenzise amathani ayizigidi ezingu-11 ngaphandle kokwehluleka okuhlobene neketanga ngaphambi kokuthi linqanyulwe. Futhi ukufakwa kokuqala kweketango le-OEM Broadband nguJoy emayini ye-BHP Billiton San Juan kwasebenzisa iketanga le-Parsons COR-X elakhiwe e-UK, okuthiwa lihambise amathani afinyelela kwangu-20 million ebusweni phakathi nokuphila kwayo.
Hlehlisa Iketango ukuze Unwebe Impilo Yeketango
Imbangela eyinhloko yokuguga kweketango ukuhamba kwesixhumanisi ngasinye esiqondile sizungeza isixhumanisi saso esivundlile esiseduze njengoba singena futhi sishiya i-sprocket yedrayivu. Lokhu futhi kuholela ekugugeni okwengeziwe endizeni eyodwa yezixhumanisi njengoba zizungeza ku-sprocket, ngakho-ke enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwelula impilo yeketango elisetshenzisiwe ukuzungezisa, noma ukuhlehlisa ngo-180º ukuze iketango libheke kwelinye icala. . Lokhu kuzobeka izindawo “ezingasetshenziswanga” zezixhumanisi ukuze zisebenze futhi kubangele indawo yesixhumanisi eguge kakhulu futhi elingana nempilo ende yamaketango.
Ukulayishwa okungalingani kwe-conveyor, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kungaholela ekugqokeni okungalingani emaketangeni amabili okwenza iketango elilodwa ligqoke ngokushesha kunelinye. Ukuguga okungalingani noma ukwelula kunoma yiliphi noma womabili amaketango njengoba kungenzeka ngokuhlangana kwama-outboard amabili kungabangela izindiza ukuthi zingafani, noma ziphume esinyathelweni njengoba zizungeza i-drive sprocket. Lokhu kungase futhi kubangelwe elinye lamaketango amabili lixega. Lokhu kuphuma kwebhalansi kuzoholela ezinkingeni zokusebenza, kanye nokudala ukuguga ngokweqile kanye nokulimala okungenzeka kuma-sprocket okushayela.
Ukuqina Kwesistimu
Kudingeka uhlelo oluhlelekile lokuqinisa nokulungisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngemva kokufaka izinga lokuguga leketango lilawulwa ngawo womabili amaketango anda ngenxa yokuguga ngenani elilawulwayo neliqhathaniswayo.
Ngaphansi kohlelo lokunakekela, izisebenzi zokunakekela zizokala ukuguga kweketango kanye nokushuba, esikhundleni seketango lapho seligqoke ngaphezu kuka-3%. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi le degree of chain wear isho ukuthini ngokwemibandela yangempela, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ebusweni obuyi-200-m longwall, ukugqokwa kwamaketanga angu-3% kusho ukwanda kobude beketanga obuyi-12 m ku-strand ngayinye. Abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bazophinde bathathele indawo ama-sprockets kanye nama-strippers njengoba esegugile noma alimala, bahlole izinga lika-gearbox namafutha futhi baqinisekise ukuthi, ngezikhathi ezithile, amabhawodi aqinile.
Kunezindlela ezisungulwe kahle zokubala izinga elilungile lokuzenzisa futhi lezi zifakazela ukuthi ziyisiqondiso esiwusizo kakhulu kumanani okuqala. Kodwa-ke, indlela ethembeke kakhulu ukubuka iketango njengoba lishiya i-drive sprocket lapho i-AFC isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezigcwele zokulayisha. Iketango kufanele libonakale libonisa ubuncane bokuxega (izixhumanisi ezimbili) njengoba lihlubuka ku-drive sprocket. Uma izinga elinjalo likhona ukuzenzisa kudinga ukulinganiswa, kurekhodwe futhi kusethelwe ikusasa njengeleveli yokusebenza yalobo buso obuthile. Ukufundwa kwe-pre-tension kufanele kuthathwe njalo futhi inombolo yezixhumanisi ezisusiwe zirekhodwe. Lokhu kuzonikeza isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqala kokugqoka okuhlukile noma ukuguga ngokweqile.
Izindiza ezigobile kufanele ziqondiswe noma zishintshwe ngaphandle kokulibala. Zinciphisa ukusebenza kwesithuthi futhi zingase zibangele ukuthi ibha iphume emjahweni ophansi futhi igxumele ku-sprocket kubangele ukulimala kuwo womabili amaketango, i-sprocket, kanye namabha endiza.
Ama-opharetha e-Longwall kufanele ahlale eqaphile ama-stripper amaketango agugile futhi alimele njengoba angase avumele iketango elixegayo ukuthi lihlale ku-sprocket futhi lokhu kungase kubangele ukuminyana nokulimala.
Ukuphathwa Kwe-Chain Kuqala Ngesikhathi Sokufakwa
Isidingo somugqa wobuso oqondile asikwazi ukugcizelelwa kakhulu. Noma yikuphi ukuchezuka ekuqondeni kobuso kungase kubangele ukuzenzisa okuhlukile phakathi kwamaketango obuso kanye ne-gob-side okuholela ekugugeni okungalingani. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ebusweni obusanda kusungulwa njengoba amaketango egijima phakathi nesikhathi "sokulala".
Uma iphethini yokugqoka ehlukile yakhiwe cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyilungisa. Kaningi umehluko uyaqhubeka nokuba kubi kakhulu ngokugqoka iketango elixegayo ukuze kudaleke ukuxega okukhulu.
Imiphumela emibi yokugijima ngomugqa wobuso ongemuhle oholela ekuhlukeni ngokweqile ohlangothini lokuzenzisa okuseceleni kuboniswa ngokubuyekeza izinombolo. Njengesibonelo, i-longwall engu-1,000-ft enochungechunge lwe-AFC engu-42-mm enezixhumanisi ezingaba ngu-4,000 ohlangothini ngalunye. Ukwamukela ukuthi ukususwa kwe-interlink wear-metal kwenzeka kuzo zombili iziphetho zesixhumanisi. Iketango linamaphuzu angu-8,000 lapho insimbi igugiswa khona yizingcindezi ze-interlink njengoba iqhutshwa futhi njengoba idlidliza ibheke phansi ebusweni, ihlushwa ukushaqeka kokulayisha noma okubangelwa ukuhlasela okulimazayo. Ngakho-ke, kukho konke ukugqoka okungu-1/1,000-inch sikhiqiza amayintshi angu-8 obude. Noma yikuphi ukuhluka okuncane phakathi kwamazinga okuguga kobuso ne-gob-side, okulethwa ukungezwani okungalingani, kuphindaphindeka ngokushesha kube nokuhluka okukhulu kobude beketango.
Ama-forging amabili ku-sprocket ngesikhathi esisodwa angaholela ekugugeni ngokungafanele kwephrofayili yamazinyo. Lokhu kungenxa yokulahlekelwa indawo enhle ku-drive sprocket evumela isixhumanisi ukuthi sishelele emazinyweni okushayela. Lesi senzo sokuslayida sinqamula kusixhumanisi futhi sinyusa izinga lokuguga kumazinyo e-sprocket. Uma isisungulwe njengephethini yokugqoka, ingasheshisa kuphela. Esikhathini sokuqala sokusika isixhumanisi, ama-sprockets kufanele ahlolwe futhi ashintshwe uma kudingeka, ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo ubhubhise iketango.
I-chain pretension ephakeme kakhulu izophinde ibangele ukuguga ngokweqile kukho kokubili iketango ne-sprocket. Ukuzenzisa kweketango kufanele kusungulwe ngamavelu avimbela ukudalwa kweketango elixega kakhulu ngaphansi komthwalo ogcwele. Izimo ezinjalo zizovumela ama-scraper bar ukuthi "akhishwe" kanye nengozi yokulimala kwe-sprocket yomsila okubangelwa ukuhlangana kwamaketanga njengoba ishiya i-sprocket. Uma ukuzenzisa kubekwe phezulu kakhulu kunezingozi ezimbili ezisobala: ukuguga kwe-inter link okuyihaba eketango, nokuguga okuyihaba kuma-drive sprocket.
I-Excessive Chain Tension Kungaba Umbulali
Ukuthambekela okuvamile ukugijima iketango liqine kakhulu. Inhloso kufanele kube ukuhlola njalo ukuzenzisa kanye nokususa iketango elixegayo ngokungeza izixhumanisi ezimbili. Izixhumanisi ezingaphezu kwezimbili zingabonisa ukuthi iketango lixega kakhulu noma ukususwa kwezixhumanisi ezine kuzodala ukuzenzisa okuphezulu kakhulu okungadala ukuguga kwe-interlink futhi kuzonciphisa kakhulu impilo yeketango.
Ngokucabanga ukuthi ukuqondanisa kobuso kuhle, inani lokuzenzisa ohlangothini olulodwa akufanele lidlule inani kolunye uhlangothi ngamathani angaphezu kweyodwa. Ukuphatha kahle ubuso kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi noma yimuphi umehluko ungabanjwa ungabi ngaphezu kwamathani amabili kuyo yonke impilo yokusebenza yeketango.
Ukwenyuka kobude ngenxa yokugqoka kwe-interlink (ngezinye izikhathi okubhekiselwa kukho ngokungalungile ngokuthi "ukunwetshwa kweketango") kungavunyelwa ukuthi kufinyelele ku-2% futhi kusasebenza nama-sprockets amasha.
Izinga lokuguga kwe-interlink aliyona inkinga uma iketango nama-sprockets kugqokwa ndawonye ngaleyo ndlela kugcine ukuhambisana kwakho. Kodwa-ke, ukugqokwa kwe-interlink kuholela ekwehleni kokuphuka kwamaketango kanye nokumelana nemithwalo yokushaqeka.
Indlela elula yokulinganisa ukugqokwa kwe-interlink ukusebenzisa i-caliper, ukukala ngezigaba ezinhlanu zephimbo nokufaka eshadini lokwelulwa kweketango. Amaketango ngokuvamile azocatshangelwa ukuthi ashintshwe lapho ukugqokwa kwe-interlink kudlula u-3%. Abanye abaphathi bezokulungisa abalandelanayo abathandi ukubona uchungechunge lwabo ludlula ubude obungu-2%.
Ukuphathwa kahle kweketango kuqala esigabeni sokufakwa. Ukuqapha okujulile nokulungiswa uma kudingeka ngesikhathi sokulala kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni impilo ende nengenazinkinga.
(Ngezilokotho zeEllton Longwall)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-26-2022