Ukubuka konke
Endleleni yokukhipha okwesibili eyaziwa ngokuthi ukumba i-longwall ubuso obude kakhulu bokumba (ngokuvamile obuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-100 kuya kwangu-300 kodwa bungaba bude) budalwa ngokushayela umgwaqo nge-engeli efanele phakathi kwemigwaqo emibili eyakha izinhlangothi ze-longwall block, kanye nohlangothi olulodwa lwalo mgwaqo omusha oludala ubuso be-longwall. Uma imishini yobuso be-longwall isifakiwe, amalahle angakhishwa ngobude obuphelele bobuso ngezingcezu zobubanzi obunikeziwe (okubizwa ngokuthi "iwebhu" yamalahle). Ubuso be-longwall banamuhla busekelwa yizisekeli ezisebenza ngamanzi futhi lezi zisekeli zihanjiswa kancane kancane ukuze zisekele ubuso obusanda kukhishwa njengoba izingcezu zithathwa, okuvumela ingxenye lapho amalahle ayembiwe khona futhi asekelwa khona ukuthi iwe (ibe yi-goaf). Le nqubo iphindaphindwa njalo, iwebhu ngewebhu, ngaleyo ndlela isuse ngokuphelele ibhulokhi yamalahle elingunxande, ubude bebhulokhi kuye ngezici eziningana (bheka amanothi akamuva)
Kufakwe uhlelo lokuthutha amalahle ngaphesheya kobuso, ebusweni besimanje "i-armoured face conveyor noma i-AFC". Imigwaqo eyakha izinhlangothi zebhulokhi ibizwa ngokuthi "imigwaqo yesango". Umgwaqo lapho kufakwa khona i-conveyor yephaneli eyinhloko ubizwa ngokuthi "isango eliyinhloko" (noma "isango elikhulu"), kanti umgwaqo ohlangothini oluphambene ubizwa ngokuthi "isango lomsila" (noma "isango lomsila").
Izinzuzo zokumba izindonga ezinde uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokukhipha izinsika yilezi:
• Izisekelo ezihlala njalo zidingeka kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala yokusebenza kanye nangesikhathi sokufakwa nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo. Ezinye izisekelo zophahla (izikhonkwane ezinde noma izihlangu ezindongeni ezinde zanamuhla) ziyasuswa bese zithuthwa kanye nemishini yobuso.
• Ukutholwa kwemithombo kuphezulu kakhulu - ngokwethiyori, i-100% yamalahle akhishwayo, yize empeleni kuhlale kukhona ukuchitheka noma ukuvuza kwamalahle ohlelweni lokuthutha ubuso olulahlekela egoaf, ikakhulukazi uma kunamanzi amaningi ebusweni.
• Izinhlelo zokumba i-Longwall ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza imiphumela ebalulekile ebusweni obulodwa be-longwall - amathoni ayizigidi ezingu-8 ngonyaka noma ngaphezulu.
• Uma kusebenza kahle amalahle ambiwa ngenqubo ehlelekile, eqhubekayo futhi ephindaphindayo efanelekela ukulawulwa kwezigaba kanye nemisebenzi yokumba ehlobene nawo.
• Izindleko zabasebenzi/amathani akhiqizwayo ziphansi kakhulu
Okubi yile:
• Kunezindleko ezinkulu zemishini, yize kungenzeka ukuthi aziphezulu njengoba kubonakala ekuqaleni uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lamayunithi avukuzi aqhubekayo angadingeka ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ofanayo.
• Imisebenzi igxile kakhulu ("wonke amaqanda kubhasikidi owodwa")
• Izindonga ezinde aziguquguquki kakhulu futhi "azithetheleli" - aziphathi kahle ukungakwazi ukuqhubeka komthungo; imigwaqo yamasango kufanele iqhutshwe ngezindinganiso eziphakeme kungenjalo kuzovela izinkinga; izimo ezinhle zobuso zivame ukuxhomeka ekukhiqizweni okuqhubekayo, ngakho-ke izinkinga ezibangela ukubambezeleka zingaba yimicimbi emikhulu.
• Ngenxa yokungathetheleli kwezindonga ezinde, abasebenzi abanolwazi babalulekile ukuze imisebenzi iphumelele.
Isinqumo esikhulu okufanele senziwe ubukhulu bamabhulokhi ezindonga ezinde. Ngenxa yokuthi izindonga ezinde zanamuhla zihilela inani elikhulu lemishini (inani elikhulu lezinto ezingamakhulu amaningana, ezinezingxenye eziningi ezinesisindo esingafika kumathani angu-30 noma ngaphezulu), inqubo yokubuyisa imishini kusuka kubhulokhi eliqediwe, ukuyithutha iye kubhulokhi elisha bese uyifaka kubhulokhi elisha (ngokuvamile lapho iningi layo likhishwa emayini ukuze lilungiswe endleleni) kuwumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwezindleko eziqondile ezihilelekile, ukukhiqizwa kanye nemali engenayo kungu-zero phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Amabhulokhi amakhulu ezindonga ezinde azokwenza ukuthi inani lokufuduka lincishiswe, nokho kunezici ezikhawulela ubukhulu bamabhulokhi ezindonga ezinde:
• Uma ubuso bude, kudingeka amandla amaningi ohlelweni lokuthutha amalahle ebusweni (bheka amanothi akamuva kuma-AFC). Uma amandla emaningi, kulapho ubukhulu obubonakalayo bamayunithi okushayela bukhulu khona (ngokuvamile kuba neyunithi yokushayela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zobuso). Amayunithi okushayela kufanele angene endaweni yokumba futhi avumele indawo yokufinyelela edlula kuwo, ukuze kungene umoya ebusweni kanye nokuvalwa kophahla kuya phansi ngezinga elithile. Futhi uma amandla emaningi, kulapho kukhula khona amandla (ngakho-ke esindayo).izintambo zezimayiniesithuthweni sobuso – lawa maketanga ensimbi ayindilinga kufanele aphathwe ngesandla ebusweni ngezinye izikhathi futhi kunemikhawulo esebenzayo mayelana nosayizi wamaketanga okumba.
• Kwezinye izindawo zokufakwa kwezindonga ezinde, ukushisa okudalwa amadrayivu okuthutha anamandla aphezulu kungaba yimbangela.
• Kokubili ububanzi bobuso nobude kungabuswa yimikhawulo edalwe yimingcele yokuqasha, ukungaqhubeki komthungo noma ukuhlukahluka, ukuthuthukiswa kwemayini okukhona kakade kanye/noma amandla okungenisa umoya.
• Amandla emayini okuthuthukisa amabhlogo amasha ezindonga ezinde ukuze ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza ezindongeni ezinde kungaphazamiseki kabi.
• Isimo semishini – ukushintsha ezinye izinto ukuze zilungiswe noma zishintshwe ngesikhathi sokuphila kwebhulokhi ende kungaba yinkinga, futhi kungcono ukwenze ngesikhathi sokufuduka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-27-2022
