Uhlolojikelele
Ngendlela yokukhipha okwesibili okwaziwa ngokuthi imayini ye-longwall ubuso bezimayini bude obude (imvamisa ebangeni elingu-100 kuye ku-300m kodwa obungase bube bude) budalwa ngokushayela umgwaqo ema-engeli angakwesokudla phakathi kwemigwaqo emibili eyakha izinhlangothi zebhulokhi emide, ubambo olulodwa lwalo mgwaqo omusha olwakha ubuso be-longwall.Uma isisetshenziswa sobuso be-longwall sesifakiwe, amalahle angakhishwa ngobude obugcwele bobuso ngezingcezu zobubanzi obunikeziwe (okubizwa ngokuthi "iwebhu" yamalahle).Ubuso besimanje be-longwall busekelwa yizisekelo ezisebenza ngogesi futhi lezi zisekelo zihanjiswa kancane kancane ukuze zisekele ubuso obusanda kukhishwa njengoba kuthathwa izingcezu, okuvumela ingxenye lapho amalahle ayekade embiwe khona futhi asekelwa ukuba siwe (abe yimbuzi).Le nqubo iphindaphindiwe ngokuqhubekayo, iwebhu ngewebhu, ngaleyo ndlela isusa ngokuphelele ibhulokhi lamalahle elingunxande, ubude bebhulokhi ngokuya ngenani lezici (bona amanothi kamuva)
Isistimu yokuthutha amalahle ifakwe ebusweni bonke, ebusweni besimanje "i-armoured face conveyor noma i-AFC".Imigwaqo eyakha izinhlangothi zebhulokhi ibizwa ngokuthi "imigwaqo yamasango".Umgwaqo lapho kufakwe khona isidluliseli sephaneli enkulu ibizwa ngokuthi "isango elikhulu" (noma "i-maingate"), umgwaqo osekupheleni kwawo ubizwa ngokuthi "isango lomsila" (noma "i-tailgate").
Izinzuzo zezimayini ze-longwall uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokukhipha izinsika yilezi:
• Izisekelo ezihlala njalo zidingeka kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala yokusebenza naphakathi nemisebenzi yokufaka nokubuyisela.Ezinye izisekelo zophahla (ama-chock ama-longwall noma amahawu kuma-longwall esimanje) ayasuswa futhi athuthelwe ngemishini yobuso.
• Ukutholwa kwezinsiza kuphezulu kakhulu - ngokomqondo kukhishwa i-100% yebhulokhi yamalahle, nakuba empeleni kuhlale kuchitheka amalahle noma kuvuza ohlelweni lokuthuthwa kobuso olulahlekela ezimbuzini, ikakhulukazi uma amanzi emaningi ezimbuzini. ubuso
• Izinhlelo zezimayini zaseLongwall ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza imiphumela ebalulekile ngobuso obubodwa be-longwall - amathoni ayizigidi eziyi-8 ngonyaka noma ngaphezulu.
• Uma esebenza ngendlela efanele amalahle ambiwa ngendlela ehlelekile, eqhubekayo futhi ephindaphindayo elungele ukulawulwa kohlaka kanye nemisebenzi yezimayini ehlobene.
• Izindleko zabasebenzi/amathani akhiqizwayo aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa
Okubi yilezi:
• Kunezindleko ezinkulu zekhephithali zempahla, nakuba mhlawumbe zingekho phezulu njengoba zibonakala kuqala uma ziqhathaniswa nenani lamayunithi aqhubekayo abavukuzi okungadingeka ukuze kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo ofanayo.
• Ukusebenza kugxile kakhulu ("wonke amaqanda kubhasikidi owodwa")
• Ama-longwall awaguquki kakhulu futhi "awaxoleli" - awakuphathi kahle ukunqanyulwa komthungo;imigwaqo yamasango kufanele ihanjiswe emazingeni aphezulu noma kuzovela izinkinga;izimo ezinhle zobuso ngokuvamile zincike ekukhiqizeni okuqhubekayo noma kancane, ngakho izinkinga ezibangela ukubambezeleka zingahlanganiswa zibe izehlakalo ezinkulu.
• Ngenxa yokungaxoleli kwama-longwall, umsebenzi onolwazi ubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo.
Isinqumo esikhulu okufanele sithathwe ubukhulu bamabhulokhi amade.Ngenxa yokuthi ama-longwall esimanje ahilela inani elikhulu lezinto zokusebenza (izinombolo zobukhulu bezinto ezingamakhulu amaningana, ezinezingxenye eziningi ezinesisindo esingamathani angama-30 noma ngaphezulu), inqubo yokubuyisela imishini ebhulokhini eliqediwe, ithuthelwe endaweni entsha. bese ukuyifaka ebhulokhini elisha (ngokuvamile lapho okuningi kukhishwa emayini ukuze kulungiswe kabusha endleleni) kuwumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu.Ngaphandle kwezindleko eziqondile ezihilelekile, ukukhiqiza futhi yingakho imali engenayo inguziro ngalesi sikhathi.Amabhulokhi ama-longwall amakhulu azonika amandla inani lokufuduka ukuthi lincishiswe, nokho kunezici ezikhawulela usayizi wamabhulokhi ama-longwall:
• Uma ubuso buqhubeka isikhathi eside, kudingeka amandla engeziwe ohlelweni lokuthuthwa kwamalahle ebusweni (bheka amanothi akamuva kuma-AFC).Amandla amakhulu, ubukhulu bomzimba bamayunithi okushayela bukhulu (imvamisa kuneyunithi yokushayela kuzo zombili iziphetho zobuso).Amayunithi okushayela kufanele alingane lapho kumbiwa futhi avumele indawo yokufinyelela ukudlula kuwo, ukuze kungene umoya ebusweni kanye nezinga elithile lophahla ukuya kokuvala phansi.Futhi amandla amakhulu, amakhudlwana (futhi ngenxa yalokho asindayo).amaketanga ezimayiniku-face conveyor - lawa maketango ezixhumanisi zensimbi ayindilinga kufanele abanjwe ebusweni ngezinye izikhathi futhi kunemikhawulo esebenzayo mayelana nobukhulu bamaketanga ezimayini.
• Kokunye ukufakwa kodonga olude, ukushisa okudalwe amadrayivu okuthutha amandla aphezulu kungase kube isici.
• Kokubili ububanzi nobude bobuso kungase kubuswe imikhawulo edalwe imingcele yokuqashisa, ukungaqhubeki komthungo noma ukuhluka, ukuthuthukiswa okuvele kukhona okuvele kumayini kanye/noma umthamo wokungenisa umoya.
• Ikhono lemayini lokwakha amabhulokhi amade amasha ukuze ukuqhubeka kokukhiqizwa kwe-longwall kungabi nomthelela omubi.
• Isimo sezinto zokusebenza - ukushintsha ezinye izinto ukuze zilungiswe kabusha noma zishintshwe ngesikhathi sokuphila kwebhulokhi elide kungaba yinkinga, futhi kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-27-2022