Izindaba - Izixhumanisi Eziyinhloko Namasongo: Yiziphi Izinhlobo Futhi Zisetshenziswa Kanjani?

Izixhumanisi namasongo kuyinhlobo elula yehadiwe yokubopha, equkethe iluphu eyodwa yensimbi. Mhlawumbe uke wabona indandatho enkulu ilele eduze kwesitolo noma isixhumanisi esinde esilenga ehukwini le-crane. Kodwa-ke, uma umusha embonini yokubopha noma ungakaze usebenzise isixhumanisi noma indandatho ngaphambili, kungase kungacaci ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani la madivayisi alula ebaluleke kangaka lapho kufakwa i-overhead lift.

Siphawulile ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngezixhumanisi nama-ring, ulwazi oluningi oluqondile nolwezobuchwepheshe luyatholakala ku-inthanethi. Kodwa-ke, ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nokuthi la madivayisi ayini nokuthi asetshenziselwani alukho nhlobo.

Kumakhasimende angase abe masha emikhiqizweni ehlobene nokukhwabanisa, ukuqala ngolwazi oluyisisekelo nolusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokungena ezintweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Yingakho sibhale lesi sihloko.

Kulesi sihloko, ungalindela ukufunda:
• Yiziphi izixhumanisi namasongo nokuthi asetshenziselwani
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezixhumanisi namasongo
• Izimpawu/ukuhlonza izixhumanisi nezindandatho
• Ukususwa kwezixhumanisi namasongo ezindinganisweni zesevisi

1. Ziyini izixhumanisi nama-Rings?

Izixhumanisi namasongo kuyizinto eziyisisekelo kodwa ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kokuphakamisa nokubopha. Amadivayisi avaliwe—afana neso—asetshenziswa ukwenza izindawo zokuxhumanisa ekuhlanganiseni nasekubopheni izinti okuhlanganisaizihlilingi zeketanga, izihlilingi zezintambo zocingo, izihlilingi zezintambo, njll.

Izixhumanisi namasongo zivame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokuxhumanisa kuizinhlangano zesilingi ezinemilenze eminingi—ngokuvamile iketanga noma intambo yocingo. Zingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokuxhumanisa eyodwa, ezimbili, ezintathu, noma ezine zokulungiswa kwemilenze yesilingi.

Izixhumanisi ezinkulu namasongo—izixhumanisi ezinkulu ezinde, izindandatho ezinkulu, kanye nezixhumanisi ezinkulu ezimise okwepheya—zibizwa nangokuthi izindandatho zokuqoqa noma izixhumanisi zokuqoqa, njengoba “ziqoqa” imilenze eminingi yesling ibe yisixhumanisi esisodwa.

Isixhumanisi Esiyinhloko kanye Nendandatho

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni kwe-sling, izixhumanisi namasongo angasetshenziswa njengendawo yokuxhumanisa phakathi kwanoma yiziphi izingxenye ezimbili zenhlangano yokubopha. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa isixhumanisi noma indandatho ukuxhuma:Isibopho esiboshwe ngentambo yekhreyini,Ukuhuqa kuhhuku,Isixhumanisi se-sling hook

2. Izinhlobo Zezixhumanisi Namasongo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zezixhumanisi namasongo ezingasetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni. Izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zezixhumanisi namasongo yilezi:Izixhumanisi ze-Oblong master,Ama-sub-assemblies e-Master link,Izixhumanisi ezimise okwepheya,Izindandatho zenkosi,Izixhumanisi zokuxhumanisa

Izixhumanisi Eziyinhloko Eziyi-Oblong

Izixhumanisi ze-oblong master ziyizihibe ezinde, ezivalekile unomphela ezivame ukutholakala phezulu kwe-sling assembly ye-multiple-leg chain noma i-wire rope bridle. Kulokhu, i-oblong master link yindawo yokuxhuma eqoqa imilenze eyakha i-sling assembly.

Nakuba zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezindawo zokuxhuma kuma-sling anemilenze eminingi, izixhumanisi ezinde ezinde zisebenza njengezindawo zokuxhuma phakathi kwemishini yokubopha kanye nehadiwe.

Ngenxa yesimo sazo esinde, zilungele ukunamatheliswa kuma-crane hooks anesilinganiso esikhulu kusukela ekuthwaleni kwesitsha kuya phansi kwe-hook—okwaziwa ngokuthi i-hook saddle. Ama-crane hooks ngokuvamile akhula endaweni ye-hook saddle kunasendaweni ebanzi.

Izixhumanisi ezinde ezinde zingasetshenziswa futhi ukuxhuma i-shackle ne-crane hook, i-hook ne-shackle, kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezahlukene zokubopha.

I-Master Link Sub-Assembly

Uma kunemilenze engaphezu kwemibili yesilingi esihlanganisweni, i-sub-assembly yesixhumanisi esiyinhloko ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-single master link. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi kube nemilenze emithathu kuya kwemine exhunywe kwi-single master link, lokhu kuvame ukudinga izixhumanisi eziyinhloko ezisindayo nezijiyile okunzima ukuzilawula.

Ama-sub-assemblies aqukethe izixhumanisi ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuxhumanisa ezixhunywe kusixhumanisi esiyinhloko esinde. Esikhundleni sokunamathisela yonke imilenze emine yesilingi kusixhumanisi esiyinhloko, manje ingahlukaniswa phakathi kwezixhumanisi ezimbili ezingaphansi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezincane kusiza ukunciphisa usayizi wesixhumanisi esikhulu—izixhumanisi ezinkulu kakhulu zingaba ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-3 ububanzi—ngenkathi kugcinwa umkhawulo womthwalo osebenzayo (i-WLL) ofana nesixhumanisi esikhulu kakhulu.

Isixhumanisi Esiyinhloko Esimise Okufana Nepheya

Izixhumanisi ezimise okwepheya zifana nesixhumanisi esimise okwepheya kodwa, njengoba igama lisikisela, zimise okwepheya kunokuba zibe yi-oblong. Izixhumanisi ezimise okwepheya—njengezixhumanisi ezimise okwepheya—zisetshenziselwa nezihlikihli zezintambo eziningi, amatomu entambo yocingo, kanye nezindawo zokuxhumanisa ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, izixhumanisi ezimise okwepheya zikhawulelwe ekuhlanganiseni izinhlangano ezincane zesihlikihli ezinemilenze emibili noma ngaphansi.

Ukuma kwepheya kwalezi zixhumanisi kuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa nezingwegwe ezincane kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, isixhumanisi esimise okwepheya sizolingana kahle kunesixhumanisi esikhulu esinde, esiqeda ukunyakaza komthwalo kusuka ohlangothini kuya kolunye ebusweni be-hook.

Izindandatho Eziyinhloko

Izindandatho ze-Master ziyindilinga, zivaliwe unomphela. Njengesixhumanisi se-master, zingasetshenziswa ngama-bridle entambo yocingo, izinhlangano ze-chain sling, kanye nezinye izindawo zokuxhumanisa. Nakuba izindandatho ze-master zingasetshenziswa ukwamukela izinhlangano zemilenze eminingi, akuvamile ukubona indandatho ye-master njengesixhumanisi sokuqoqa kunokubona isixhumanisi se-master esinde kuleso simo.

Ukuma okuyindilinga kwendandatho eyindilinga kwenza ingabi ngcono kunesixhumanisi esiyindilinga esihlanganisiwe sokuxhuma kuma-crane hook amakhulu, ajulile. Ama-Master rings avame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezitolo zokukhiqiza noma ezitolo ezincane zemishini futhi uma kungenjalo, awavamile ukusetshenziswa. Ezimweni eziningi, isixhumanisi esiyindilinga esihlanganisiwe singasetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho.

Izixhumanisi Zokuxhumanisa

Izixhumanisi zokuxhuma zingaba ngezomshini noma ezihlanganisiwe futhi zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuxhuma ingxenye yeketanga kusixhumanisi esikhulu noma ku-fitting. Zingasetshenziswa futhi ukudala uxhumano phakathi kwezixhumanisi ezinkulu, ama-hooks, noma ezinye izingcezu zehadiwe.

Izixhumanisi Zokuxhuma Ezihlanganisiwe

Izixhumanisi zokuxhuma ezihlanganisiwe, njengazo zonke ezinye izixhumanisi eketangeni, zixhunywe kusixhumanisi esikhulu noma ekufakweni kokuphela futhi zivaliwe ukuze zakhe uxhumano.

Isithombe esivezwe kulesi sigaba sibonisa izindlela ezimbili ezahlukene isixhumanisi sokuxhuma esihlanganisiwe esingasetshenziswa ngazo. Esithombeni sesobunxele, isixhumanisi sixhunywe unomphela ku-eye hook futhi sisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma idivayisi ku-swivel hook. Ngakwesokudla, izixhumanisi zokuxhuma ezihlanganisiwe zisetshenziselwa ukubopha imilenze yeketanga nokubamba izingwegwe ku-master link.

Izixhumanisi Zokuxhumanisa Zemishini

Izixhumanisi zokuxhumanisa ngomshini ziqukethe izingxenye eziningi ezingase zihlanganise i-bushing, i-bolt, kanye ne-spring enkabeni. Lezi zixhumanisi zokuxhumanisa ngomshini zisebenza njengezindawo zokunamathisela ezixhumene enkabeni.

I-Hammerlok® Ihlanganisiwe Futhi Yahlukaniswa
Amagama amathathu ajwayelekile ezinhlobo zezixhumanisi zokuxhumanisa ngomshini afaka:
• I-Hammerlok® (umkhiqizo we-CM)
• I-Kuplex® Kuplok® (umkhiqizo ongenayo i-Peerless)
• I-Lok-a-Loy® (umkhiqizo we-Crosby)

I-Kuplex® Kupler®, nayo engumkhiqizo ongenayo i-Peerless, ingenye indlela evamile yokuxhumanisa ngomshini. Lezi zixhumanisi zokuxhumanisa zinokubukeka okuhlukile kancane okufana ne-shackle. Kukhona ingxenye yomzimba eyodwa kuphela lapho uxhumano lwenziwa khona ngephini yomthwalo kanye nephini yokugcina. Njengoba kungekho zingxenye zomzimba ezimbili, i-Kuplex® Kupler® ayixhomeki phakathi nendawo.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesilayidi Seketanga Kusebenzisa Izixhumanisi Eziningana ze-Kuplex® Kupler®

3. Izixhumanisi kanye nezimpawu zokubonisa / ukuhlonza

Ngokusho kwe-ASME B30.26 Rigging Hardware, isixhumanisi ngasinye, i-master link subassembly, kanye nendandatho kufanele kumakwe ngokuqinile ngumenzi ukuze kuboniswe:
• Igama noma uphawu lokuhweba lomkhiqizi
• Usayizi noma umthwalo olinganisiwe
• Ibanga, uma kudingeka ukuze kutholakale umthwalo olinganisiwe

4. Ukususwa Kwezixhumanisi Nezindandatho Ezimisweni Zesevisi

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, susa noma yiziphi izixhumanisi, ama-sub-assembly e-master link, kanye nama-rings ekusebenzeni uma kukhona noma yiziphi izimo ezibalwe ku-ASME B30.26 Rigging Hardware.
• Ukuhlonza okungekho noma okungafundeki
• Izinkomba zomonakalo wokushisa, okuhlanganisa ukuchitheka kwe-weld noma ukushaya kwe-arc
• Umgodi noma ukugqwala ngokweqile
• Izingxenye ezithwele umthwalo ezigobile, ezisontekile, ezisontekile, ezinwetshiwe, ezinde, eziqhekekile, noma eziphukile
• Ukukhahlela noma ukugoba ngokweqile
• Ukwehliswa okungu-10% kobukhulu bokuqala noma bekhathalogi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi
• Ubufakazi bokushisela noma ukushintsha okungagunyaziwe
• Ezinye izimo, okuhlanganisa nomonakalo obonakalayo obangela ukungabaza ngokuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa

Uma kukhona noma yimiphi yale mibandela engenhla, idivayisi kumele isuswe ekusetshenzisweni futhi izobuyiselwa ekusetshenzisweni kuphela uma/lapho ivunyelwe ngumuntu ofanelekayo.

5. Ukuyisonga

Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikusizile ukukunikeza ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kokuthi yiziphi izixhumanisi namasongo, ukuthi asetshenziselwa ini, kanye nezindlela zokuhlonza nokuhlola ezihlobene ku-ASME B30.26 Rigging Hardware.

Ngamafuphi, izixhumanisi namasongo zisebenza njengezindawo zokuxhumanisa ekuhlanganisweni kwezinsika noma ekuhlanganisweni kwesilingi esinemilenze eminingi. Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zezixhumanisi namasongo asetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni, izixhumanisi ezinde ezinde ziyizinto ezisebenziseka kakhulu futhi ezivame ukusetshenziswa njengeizindandatho zokuqoqa.

Izixhumanisi zokuxhumanisa zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye zeketanga endaweni yokubopha noma indandatho yokuqoqa futhi zingaba ngezomshini noma ezihlanganisiwe.

Njenganoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yehadiwe yokulungisa, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela izindinganiso ze-ASME ezifanele futhi ususa ezindinganisweni zesevisi.

(ngomusa kaMazzella)

Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-19-2022