Isikhathi sokukhathala samaketanga e-Armored Face Conveyor (AFC) siyisici esibalulekile sokuthembeka kwemishini kanye nokukhishwa kwamalahle ekumbeni kwe-longwall. Ukwehluleka kwe-AFC kanye nochungechunge kungabalwa cishe u-27% wesikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanti ukungezwani okungafanele kweketanga lokumba kuyimbangela eyinhloko. Leli phepha linikeza uphenyo olujulile mayelana nezindlela zokukhathala ze-isixhumanisi esiyindilinga kanye namaketanga esixhumanisi ayisicaba, ibukeza izindlela zokubikezela impilo ezithuthukisiwe, futhi inikeza ukwelulekwa kobuchwepheshe okuqondiswe kubakhiqizi bezimayini kanye nabaqhubi bezimayini zamalahle. Umgomo ukuthuthukisa impilo yenkonzo yezimayini ngokusebenzisa ukwenziwa ngcono komklamo, ukuqapha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye namasu okugcina esayensi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
- Amaketanga Ezixhumanisi Eziyindilinga: Anesakhiwo esilinganayo nesiguquguqukayo. Kodwa-ke, indawo encane yokuxhumana phakathi kwezixhumanisi ibangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuxhumana kanye nokuguguleka kwendawo.
- Amaketanga E-Flat Link: Izixhumi ezinhlelweni ze-flat link zibonakala njengezingqinamba ezibucayi. Ukuhlaziywa Kwe-Finite Element (FEA) kukhombisa ukuthi ukucindezeleka ezixhumanisweni ezisicaba kugxila ehlombe le-link, ekugobeni kwangaphandle, kanye nengalo eqondile yangaphakathi. Ngaphansi kwemithwalo efanayo, ukuguqulwa ezindaweni zokuxhumana ezixhumanisweni ezisicaba kungaba cishe izikhathi ezingu-1.9 kunezixhumanisi eziyindilinga, okwenza zizwele kakhulu ekugugeni kwendawo.
2.2 Izindlela Zokwehluleka Okuyinhloko
Ukwehluleka kokukhathala kubangelwa imiphumela ehlangene yokucindezeleka komshini, ukuguguleka, kanye nokuwohloka kwezinto:
- Ukuphuka Kokukhathala: Ukulayisha okujikelezayo kuqala imifantu emincane ezindaweni zokugxila kokucindezeleka (isb., izindawo zokuthintana ezixhumanisini eziyindilinga, izimpande zamazinyo ezixhunyanisiwe ezixhumanisini ezisicaba), okuholela ekuqhekekeni okuqhekekayo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuguguleka kushintsha kakhulu i-link geometry, kwandisa ukugxilwa kokucindezeleka futhi kudale umjikelezo "wokuguguleka nokukhathala" oyingozi.
- Ukuguguleka Okungalawuleki: Indlela yokuguguleka eyinhloko eholela ekulahlekelweni kwezingxenye ezihlukene kanye nokunciphisa amandla. Izindawo zokuguguleka ezibalulekile zitholakala ezingosini zokuxhumanisa, ubuso be-arc yangaphandle, kanye nohlangothi lwangaphandle lwezingxenye eziqondile.
- Ukulayisha ngokweqile kanye nomthelela: Ukulayishwa ngokweqile ngokushesha ngenxa yokushintsha kwezimo zobuso (isb., ukuminyana) kungabangela ukuguquka kwepulasitiki okuqondile noma ukuphuka kwezixhumanisi zeketanga.
2.3 Izindlela Zokubikezela Impilo Ethuthukile
Ukubikezela okusekelwe kukhompyutha manje sekubalulekile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni.
- Ukuhlaziywa Kwe-Finite Element (FEA): Ibala ngokunembile ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okulingana okushintshana ngaphansi komthwalo, ikhiqiza amamephu e-life contour ukuze ibone ngokubonakalayo izindawo ezibuthakathaka. Izifundo ziqinisekisa ukuthi i-FEA iyakwazi ukubikezela impilo yokukhathala kwe-round link chain.
- Amamodeli Ethiyori Yomonakalo: Ithiyori Yomonakalo Eqongelelekayo Eqondile (isb., Umthetho We-Miner) kanye nethiyori Yokufana Okuhlobene Komonakalo kusetshenziswa ekumodeleni impilo yeketanga lokumba. Lokhu kokugcina, ngokusungula ukuhlobana nezinqubo zomonakalo ezaziwayo, kunikeza imodeli yezibalo ephumelelayo yokuhlola impilo yeketanga lokuzungeza ngaphansi kwe-spectra yomthwalo oyinkimbinkimbi.
- Ukulungiswa Kwe-Topology kanye Nokulula: Sebenzisa ukulungiswa kwe-topology okuqhutshwa yi-FEA kwezixhumanisi zamaketanga kanye nezixhumi (ikakhulukazi amazinyo ezixhumi ze-flat link) ukuze kufezwe ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okufanayo. Qinisekisa ukufana kanye nokufaneleka kokuphila kokukhathala emiklamo elungiselelwe ngokubala.
- Isayensi Yezinto Ezibalulekile Nokusungula Ukwelashwa Kokushisa: Ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwezinto ezixubayo (i-Cr, i-Ni, i-Mn, i-Mo) nokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kokushisa okulungiselelwe (isb., ukucima kanye nokushisa) kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka ngo-10-25%. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukumbozwa okukhethekile (isb., ukulwa nokugqwala) noma amazinga ensimbi engagqwali.
- Ubunjiniyela Bokuthembeka Kwesixhumi: Izixhumi kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo zamandla aphezulu, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye nokuzwana. Imiklamo kufanele ilandele ngokuqinile amazinga afana ne-DIN 22258-3, kanye nokwenza ngcono kugxile ekufinyeleleni ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okufanayo kuzo zonke izilungiselelo zamazinyo amaningi—isihluthulelo sokuthembeka kwesistimu iyonke.
3.2 Kwabasebenza Ngezimayini Zamalahle: Ukuqapha Okuhlakaniphile, Ukulungisa, kanye Nokuthenga
- Sebenzisa Ukuqapha Ukucindezeleka Kwe-Mining Chain Ehlakaniphile: Izindlela zendabuko zokuthola ukucindezeleka okuvela kumandla kagesi wemoto azinembile. Ukwamukelwa kwamamitha okucindezela aku-inthanethi afakwe kumabha okundiza kuyanconywa ukuqapha ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka ngesikhathi sangempela ebusweni bonke. Ukuhlanganisa lolu lwazi ohlelweni lokulawula i-longwall ukuze kulawulwe ukucindezeleka okuzenzakalelayo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukucindezeleka ngokweqile noma okungaphansi.
- Misa Umthetho Wokulungisa Okubikezelayo: Yakha imodeli yokubikezela impilo esele yeketanga lokumba ngokuhlanganisa idatha yokucindezeleka kwesikhathi sangempela, ubuningi bokukhiqiza komlando, kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile kwezindawo zokuguga kwezixhumanisi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlela ukutshintshwa kweketanga kwesayensi, kugweme kokubili ukutshintshwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokwehluleka okubi kakhulu.
- Isu Lokuthenga Nokusebenza Lobuso Obude Kakhulu: Kwemishini yobuso edlula amamitha angu-400, ukucacisa ukuhlanganiswa okulula kweketanga nendiza, ukulawula ukuvumelanisa okuhlakaniphile kwama-multi-drive, kanye nezinhlelo zokuthutha ezinokwethenjelwa okukhulu kumele kube yizidingo zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko zokubhekana nezinselele ezifana namandla aphezulu angathwali umthwalo, ukuqala okunzima kwemithwalo esindayo, kanye nokuguguleka okusheshayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-19-2025
